Combined with statistical data, this paper analyzes the explanation of the endogenous growth theory to Guangzhou's industrial system optimization and the evolutionary path of technology innovation. Firstly, we analyze the evolution of each industry's total economic output in Guangzhou; secondly, we discuss the change of Guangzhou's technology innovation capability; finally, we analyze the intrinsic link between technology innovation capability and Guangzhou industrial systems. This research indicates that the financial environment in Guangzhou is more perfect, the talents of technology innovation are more adequate. However, the distribution of innovation fund and innovation talents is unbalanced. A large number of private enterprises, especially small and medium-sized private enterprises, are lack of access to innovation resources, which lead to innovation inefficiency, insidious threats may exist in the course of Guangzhou industry structure optimization. Reflected in "two unreasonable"： secondary industry employment structure is greater than industry structure and the tertiary industry's structure is much greater than the employment structure. In short, the industry in Guangzhou grows rapidly, but the role of independent innovation is limited, even the industry growth and innovation have a certain extent deviation from 2006. Guangzhou industrial system reflects the evolution trend of rationalization and high-class, and interacting with the technology innovation capability improved obviously, though the role of technology innovation need to further fulfill and improve. <<