Through a review of the past five years’ data，the paper points out that both the goal and the direction of the current medical and healthcare reform should be acknowledged，and the practical logic seems rational. However，from the current condition，the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and the goal of the current medical and healthcare reform are not fully realized，and even in some aspects，the medical and healthcare service goes backward. The key problem is derived from wrong prescription to both issues of high expenditure of medical service and the difficulty of having adequate medical care. In other words，both primary medical institution reform and the basic medicine system lead the current reform into a dilemma. From the 2015 reform agenda，the two problems have been fully realized，and have been given high priority. However，if no new prescription is provided，it is difficult to facilitate further reform progress.