The construction of Changjiang Middle Reaches Megalopolis is inseparable from the sustainable water resources security，in order to strengthen the water resources protection and sustainable utilization in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River，the city along the river and the lake should be in strengthen the rivers’ ecological protection and the lake’s water environment governance as well as conduct rational development and utilization of water resources. This paper evaluated on the whole the natural conditions and the use of water resources in the region and the water environment quality，and analyzed the problems existed in the protection and utilization of water resources. At the same time，it deeply analyzed the new situation of the water resources protection and utilization in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was，combined with the current situation of economic and social development in China，and put forward the relevant countermeasures and suggestions.