Construction of ecological civilization needs consider both environmental protection and economic-social development. Climate is an important environmental resource;it is also a foundation which human and society development depends on. Climate change is happening and induces to a significant influence on different scales，and the impacts will be continuing in the future. Climate change has affected people，livelihoods，economy，resources，ecosystems and many other aspects. It will completely change many aspects of our lives. We need consider the change of climate system and its impacts in the future developing plan，follow and abide the climatic rules，take consideration to climatic carrying capacity. We also need primly know the intense and scale of human and socio-economic activities which the climatic resources can carry. In this article，we introduce some related research background about the environmental and resources carrying capacity，and bring out the concept of climatic carrying capacity. Also，we summarize general approach of assessment on climatic carrying capacity and introduce the two case studies of climatic carrying capacity，to clarify the urgency and importance of climatic carrying capacity，as well as its practical significance to social and economic development. The assessment of climatic carrying capacity now has just started，it faces many challenges. We suggest that the first thing should be built and improved the theoretical foundation and assessment framework of climatic carrying capacity；then during the assessing，should be focused on practicality and operability according with local conditions；Thirdly，it need to integrate with other cross-disciplines，broaden the application areas and service objects；and finally，innovation and using new technology and methods should be carry on in assessing climatic carrying capacity，especially on quantitative carrying capacity assessment.