近年来,英国国内疑欧主义上升,欧洲问题成为英国对外关系和国内政治中最富挑战性的问题之一。自2013年初卡梅伦发表布卢姆堡(Bloomberg)演讲以来,英国和欧盟就欧盟改革方向进行了激烈博弈。2014~2015年英国和欧盟在移民政策、欧盟委员会主席提名、追加预算摊派款等方面出现争执,英国政府在对欧关系上的不妥协立场加大了英国在欧盟内部受到孤立的风险,降低了其影响一体化发展进程的能力。联合政府和2015年大选后执政的保守党政府都支持在通过谈判使欧盟做出必要改革的基础上,由英国民众以全民公决方式决定英国是否保留欧盟成员国地位。目前,保守党、工党和自由民主党领导层都支持英国留在改革后的欧盟中,大选后英国独立党的势头受到一定抑制,反对退欧的民众数量有所回升,英国政治精英和民众能否在国家主权、利益与建设性参与欧洲事务之间实现平衡,是未来英欧关系发展的关键。
<<With the rising Euroscepticism in the UK over recent years,the European question has become one of the most challenging issues in the British diplomacy and domestic politics. There have been fierce disputes over how the EU should be reformed between the UK and EU ever since David Cameron’s Bloomberg speech in early 2013. During 2014-2015 fresh disputes occurred on immigration policy,nomination of new EC President,EU budget contribution etc. The uncompromising stance of the British government in its European policy increased the risks of its isolation within EU and decreased its ability to influence the development of European integration. Both the Coalition and the now Conservative government have proposed that an in/out referendum should be held to determine the UK’s future in the Union following negotiations with the EU to secure some important reforms. At present,the Conservatives,Labour and the Liberal Democrats all support UK’s EU membership within a reformed EU. The rise of UKIP was restrained after the general election,and the number of people against British exit is increasing. The key to future developments of British-EU relations lies in whether British political elites and general public can achieve a balance between national sovereignty,national interests and constructive engagement in the European affairs.
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