Taking agricultural producers’behavioral characteristics as the logical starting point，through the fieldwork of Funing pig breeders in Jiangsu province，this paper defined the concept of agricultural production randomness from different dimensions of agricultural production behaviors，combined with the hypotheses of“rational economic man”and the“social economy man”，explored the structural conditions that generate agricultural producers’random behavior and its impression on the safety of agricultural production. This study found that the relative clearer perception of agricultural safe production is the prerequisite and basis for agricultural producers’continual and healthy agricultural safe production. If agricultural producers’behavior cognition and safety production norms are too different，even if they have safe production demands，their behavioral outcomes would pose a security risk，and excessive pursuit of economic interests is the original motives that generate agricultural producers’random behavior. Reducing interest conflicts and achieving interest integration are important means to promote agricultural producers’safe production，and establishing common governance mechanism is the necessary condition to eliminate path dependence in the process of production，resolve security risks of agricultural products and change agricultural production random behaviors.