农民工城市融入的现实困境源于公共资源分配过程中政府与市场的双重失灵,表现为社会福利政策的长期缺失。研究基于对国内相关行业八家大型企业进行的高端访谈与深度调研,发现目前企业农民工经济融入的分化加剧,正规就业的大企业农民工、精英农民工的率先融入将从根本上推进农民工整体的城市融入;劳务派遣用工政策和低水平、碎片化的社会保险政策导致社会融入停滞不前;政治融入亟待解决农民工党员就地入党、员工就地入会(工会)的制度化参与问题。在“经济融入(物质基础)—政治融入(制度保障)—社会融入(核心内容)”链式的动态融入过程中,因政治融入的渠道尚未打开,政冶参与权缺失导致农民工无法获得基本的福利提供,所以城市融入难以进入实质性的、关键的社会融入环节。融入规律下的倒逼机制已然催生“赋权式融入模式”,这是我国农民工融入城市社会的唯一出路。
<<The dilemma of inclusion of rural-urban migrants has involved the existing social policy challenge while public resources spent on rural-urban migrants is constrained.Based on the in-depth interview on the senior managers and representatives of rural-urban migrants from 8 large enterprises of China,this paper addresses that economic inclusion gap from the whole migrants has become increasingly significant,the inclusion of the elite rural-urban migrants group,who have more economic and social capitals,is the most prior issue;social inclusion has stagnated in the context of labor dispatching employment and the fragmented social insurance policy.Political inclusion has increasingly been emphasized in the inclusion chain process,which is essential for developing institutional political participation to enhance their political status.Especially,the formal and authoritative organization,such as the Communist Party and labor union in enterprise,will play the key role in the improvement of migrants’ political participation.Inclusion of migrants is more significantly reflected by political participation in the decision-makings that affect them.The limitation of social welfare policy is caused by the absence of welfare rights and political participation.Therefore,Empowerment-based inclusion seeks to help migrants to gain power and reduce the social blocks to their inclusion in urban areas.
<<Keywords: | Social InclusionRural-urban Migrants of EnterpriseEconomic InclusionPolitical InclusionEmpowerment-based Inclusion |