本文关注北京青年的择偶观念与需求,通过问卷调查、焦点小组座谈与深度访谈的方法进行研究。结论是:第一,大部分北京青年对婚姻有需求,但不会为了需求而降低择偶条件。对完美择偶标准的坚持与狭窄的择偶空间之间的矛盾致使择偶动力不足、择偶渠道不畅;第二,青年群体的择偶观一方面表现出很强的独立性与自主性,另一方面又备受来自于父母与社会舆论的压力;他们一方面宣称生活的多元性与自主选择,另一方面又认同“门当户对”“男主外女主内”的传统择偶观,充满矛盾。第三,青年群体的择偶观念与需求存在结构分化,表现在性别、年龄、城乡与受教育程度上的差异。因此,看似巨大的未婚青年婚恋市场非常狭窄与受限,很难建立良性的交友关系。政府与各种社会组织应建立值得信任的交友平台,并通过舆论导向减轻对青年群体的择偶压力。
<<This paper focuses on mate selection and needs of Beijing youth. We used questionnaires,focus groups and deep interviews to study. Conclusions are:First,most young people in Beijing look forward to marriage,but they insist their standards of choosing spouse. Flawless standards and narrow selection spaces consult in being short of power while choosing spouse. Second,young people require independence during mate choice,but meanwhile they bear pressure from their parents and public opinion. They declare modern multiplicity in life,but they still approve traditional marriage thoughts. Third,mate selection and needs of Beijing young people differentiate in structure,which expresses in gender,age,urban-rural and education. In conclusion,the mate selection market of young people in Beijing is very narrow and limited;it’s hard to meet someone and develop a good relationship. We should be more open to accept young people’s independence during choosing spouse. Government and social organizations should construct effective platforms to help the youth. Public opinion should also lighten marriage pressure among young people in Beijing.
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