Vocational capability is the basic requirement of social workers，and is also the main purpose and content of cultivating social work professionals.Under the background of rapid development of social work specialization and professionalization，the research on social workers’ vocational ability is not only the logical starting point of the social work professional education，but also the objective requirement of the social work profession development.In this article，the author deeply analyzes the connotation of social workers vocational ability.Then，the author reorganizes the vocational ability required of social workers.Finally，the author gives analysis of improvement methods on vocational ability and vocational capabilities which need to be cultivated during the professional education.