With the constantly advancing about the construction of new socialist countryside, the building of an overall well-off society in rural areas has completed half of its process currently, and the comprehensively building of an overall well-off society in rural areas has moved onto a new step too. However, it should be seen that there were still many problems during the construction process of new countryside. This chapter aims to describe the exploration history about the construction of new socialist countryside since the founding of New China, and then summarize the practical exploration and historical experience in the field of the construction of new countryside surrounding the outstanding contradictions and problems in the current process of the construction of new countryside. The ultimate goal of this chapter is expected to contribute wisdom and strength to the further solid propulsion of the construction of new countryside. <<