This paper firstly analyzes consumption environment and changes of the urban residents’ consumption in Guangzhou over the past 30 years. It then measures the direction and degree of influence of short-and-long term change in consumption environment on consumption level of residents with real evidence to identify the key environmental factor. At last，it put forwards policy suggestions for optimizing consumption environment and improving residents’ consumption level by combining with the questionnaire and case interview about the influences of consumption environment on consumption behavior of the residents.