The system of socialist market economy requires the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources. It also needs the government play a proper role. That’s to say，the system of socialist market economy needs a harmony relationship between the market and the government. To give full play to its advantages，the system of socialist market economy demands scientific macroeconomic regulation and effective governance. Thus，the negative list appears as an innovation of the macro-control means，which contributes to reducing the power of government，loosing restrictions of access to market，stimulating the vitality of the market and inner elements of the economic development. It’s helpful to let local governments to have a try before the birth of the uniform national negative list. To summarize experience，find problems and solutions，the writer focuses on the decentralization practice of Henan province in 2014.