Located in the downstream of Yangtze River and Taihu Basin, Shanghai is rich in water resources with lots of rivers and lakes. However, Shanghai is faced with serious clean water shortage with generally poor water quality of local rivers and low percentage of water function. The most typical example is that water source region had to be moved several times due to water quality deterioration, from Suzhou Creek to the downstream of Huangpu River and then to the upstream of Huangpu River. Analysing water quality change of Shanghai's major rivers and lakes such as Huangpu River, Suzhou Creek and Dianshan lake, we can conclude that with the rapid industrialization, urbanization process and population increase, water in Shanghai mainly presents the trend of worsening. Until the 1990s, the Shanghai government lay emphasis on the water environment comprehensive management, the deterioration trend contained. As a result of too much pollution in history, large amounts of present discharge, low sewage treatment standard, serious urban non-point source pollution, as well as the poor water quality of provincial boundaries of Taihu Basin upstream inflow, in the short term it is difficult to improve the water quality obviously. <<