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    澳门行政长官选制修订与选举实践分析——以第四任行政长官选举为中心

    摘要

    按照2012年新修订的行政长官选制,第四任行政长官选举于2014年顺利完成。此次选举是在选委扩容、界别分组调整、投票人数增加的基础上进行的。与上届选举相比,此次选举因应社会环境与社会诉求的变化,在参选政纲与竞选宣传方面都有所不同,尤其强化了候选人与社会的互动,以及注意利用现代网络技术进行宣传。但是,“一人参选”的格局却得以延续,而选委选举的竞争性也未见有较大幅度的提升。因此,从选举实践反观选制效果,可以说选制修订成效是有限的,需要进一步完善选制。在选委选举上,要继续降低选委提名门槛。在行政长官选举上,需要以增强选举竞争性来促进当选者的认受性,改变多届“一人参选”的局面。同时,在非选制影响方面,需要调整施政方向,重视民生改善与管治结构革新。

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    Abstract

    The 4th Chief Executive election has been completedin 2014 according to the amendment of its election law in 2012. The election was held on the basis of the expansion of the number of members of the Electoral College,the adjustment of sectors and the increase of the number of voters. In comparison with the last election in 2009,this election was different in terms of the content of the manifesto and the campaign,which responded to the changes in the context and demands within the community. The interaction of the candidate with the community,and the use of modern network technology were reinforced. However,the one-man candidacy remained and the level of competition among candidates into the Electoral College did not elevate significantly. It can therefore be said that the amendment to the election law is of limited effectiveness,and that further improvement is necessary. For the election of members of the Electoral College,the nomination threshold should further be lowered. For the Chief Executive election itself,the “one-man candidacy” should be changed by enhancing competition in order to reinforce the legitimacy of the elected. In the meantime,adjustments to policies to improve the livelihood of the population and to innovate the structure of governance are also necessary.

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    作者简介
    娄胜华:娄胜华,博士,澳门理工学院公共行政学教授兼课程主任,研究方向为社会治理与公共政策、NGO与公民社会。
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