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    “稳定并长久不变”的土地承包经营权的权利构造与制度重塑——基于党的十...

    • 作者:高圣平 中国社会科学院农村发展研究所宏观经济研究室出版日期:2009年07月
    • 报告大小:1.3MB
    • 报告字数:28472 字所属丛书:
    • 所属图书:农村土地制度改革:国际比较研究

    摘要

    党的十七届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)明确指出了“现有土地承包关系要保持稳定并长久不变”,改变了以前“确保农村土地承包关系长期稳定”的提法,这一改变意味着土地承包经营权将没有存续期间的限制,土地承包经营权将被永佃化,相关法律法规和配套政策应当抓紧完善。永佃化的土地承包经营权要求重构土地承包经营权的权能。现有制度虽然明确承认了土地承包经营权的占有、使用、收益权能,但对其处分权能作了较大限制。在对土地承包经营权权能的完善中应着重于其处分权能的完善。其中,明确区分债权性处分和物权性区分很有必要。对于转包、出租等债权性处分,不改变土地承包经营权主体,在契约自由理念之下自应允许;对于转让、互换、入股等物权性处分,以改变土地承包权主体为特征,在完善农村社会保障、剥离土地承包经营权的社会保障职能的前提下,应当给予充分保障。同时,基于充分实现土地承包经营权交换价值、扩大农村有效担保物范围的需要,应当允许以家庭承包方式取得的土地承包经营权设定抵押。在永佃化的土地承包经营权之下,土地承包经营权作为特定农户的财产,也应当允许继承。

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    Abstract

    The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Significant Issues in Promoting Rural Reform and Development passed at the Third Plenum of the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party makes it clear that the “current contractual land relationship should be kept stable and unchanged for a long time”,which changes the former wording of “ensuring long-term stability of contractual rural land relationship” and means there will be no limitation on duration of contractual land right and the right will be perpetuated.Therefore relevant laws,regulations and supporting policies should be drafted as soon as possible.Perpetuation of contractual land right requires rebuilding of the functions of contractual land right.Although the current system has acknowledged possession,use and the profiting function of contractual land right,it limits its right of disposal.Attention should be paid to improvement of its right of disposal in improvement of its functions.Therefore,it’s very necessary to distinguish creditor right disposal from property right disposal clearly.Subcontracting,renting and other creditor right disposal without changing the main bodies of contractual land right should be allowed under the concept of contractual freedom and transfer,exchange,stock cooperation and other property right disposal with the characteristic of changing the main bodies of contractual land right should be fully guaranteed under the precondition of perfecting rural social security and expropriating contractual land right of the function of social security.Meanwhile,mortgage by contractual land right acquired by way of household contracting should be allowed to fully realize the exchange value of contractual land right and expand the scope of effective rural guaranties.Inheritance of contractual land right as property of specific rural households should also be allowed under perpetuated contractual land right.

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    作者简介
    高圣平:
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