本文从政策演进和地方实施两个角度,回顾了过去30年中国土地市场演变的历程。具体表现为:在坚持和稳定农户土地承包经营权前提下,农村土地承包经营权市场从自发到规范;农地转非农用地市场,逐步转为国家征用和政府垄断土地一级市场,形成“两种权利体系、两个市场、两种土地法律体系”的二元土地市场格局;集体建设用地市场从改革初期的敞开进入,到保留农民自用的通道,再到农村企业改制后农民无力自用而进入非法领域;国有建设用地从纯计划的无偿划拨走向有偿使用和经营性用地的“招、拍、挂”市场化出让,成为地方政府土地财政和城市建设的主要资金来源。在分析三大类不同权属土地市场演进基础上,提出了如何保护农民土地权益、消除城乡二元土地市场格局的政策建议。
<<This paper reviews the process of China’s land market based on its policy evolution and local enforcement.In the past 30 years,the farmers’ contracting land market has evolved from voluntary transaction to a regulated market transaction.The land circulation market has become a dual structure of “two rights system,two markets,two legal system” in which the primary land market has been controlled by the local government.The collective construction land market has evolved from open access to limited entry till illegal use.The state construction land market has evolved from administrated allocation to compensated use till market selling of commercial construction land.Some policy suggestions have presented.
<<Keywords: | ChinaLand MarketLand Property Rights |