美国土地资源管理的特点表现为多元化的土地所有制,联邦政府土地管理政策大体经历了粗放管理、协调过渡和严格依法科学管理三个阶段,内政部土地管理局是最主要的土地管理机构,土地资源管理在联邦层次上主要涉及内政部和农业部,在联邦层次上是一种既集中又分散的管理模式,内政部土地管理局是最主要的土地管理机构,各州以集中管理为主,二十多个州设立了资源环境部门。
美国土地利用规划的主要特点包括五个方面:美国的土地利用规划体系总体分为总体规划、专项规划和用地增长管理规划三类以及区域级、州级、亚区域级、县级、市级五个层次;土地利用规划具有完善的法律保障,联邦政府主要通过制定相关的法律法规和政策来约束、引导、影响地方的土地利用及规划管理;大量采用地理信息系统、遥感和全球定位系统等现代科技手段支持的科学的编制和管理系统;对农地和生态的保护充分表现在土地利用规划中;公众参与是土地利用规划编制和修改中的重要环节。
美国土地利用规划对于我国的借鉴意义体现在五个方面:加快土地规划的法制建设,制定《土地规划法》及其配套的法律法规和规章;建立与新形势相适应的土地利用总体规划体系,制定《规划法》,协调土地利用规划与城市城镇规划、环境保护规划的关系;拓展公众参与的广度和深度;充分运用3S技术科学编制和管理土地利用规划;严格修改规划的程序和标准。
<<The land resources management in America features diversified land ownership and the land management policy of the Federal Government has generally undergone the three stages of extensive management,coordinated transition and strict scientific management.The Bureau of Land Management under the Department of the Interior is the principal land management institution.Land resources management mainly involves the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture and is in both the centralized and decentralized management modes on the federal level.The Bureau of Land Management under the Department of the Interior is the principal land management institution.Every state manages land resources centrally and more than 20 states have established resources and environment departments.
The major characteristics of American land use planning are in four aspects:the American land use planning system is generally divided into the three categories of general planning,special planning and management planning of land use growth and into the five levels of the regional level,state level,sub-regional level,county level and municipal level.A sound legal guarantee is available for land use planning and the federal government controls,leads and influences local land use and planning management mainly by making relevant laws,regulations and policies.It uses the geographic information system,remote sensing,global positioning system and other modern technical means a lot for scientific planning and management systems;protection of farmland and ecology is fully reflected in land use planning;and public participation is an important link in preparation and revision of land use planning.
The reference meaning of American land use planning for our country is reflected in five aspects:accelerating legal system building for land planning and making a law on land planning and its corresponding law,regulations and rules;establishing a general land use planning system adjusted to the new situation,making a law on planning and coordinating the relationship between land use planning and urban and town planning and environment protection planning;expanding the extent and depth of public participation;making full use of the 3S technique to prepare and manage land use planning scientifically;and strictly revising the procedure and standard of planning.
<<Keywords: | ChinaUnited StatesLand UseLand Planning |