Starting from the basic framework of Japan’s energy saving policy，this paper systematically analyzes issues from perspectives of historical evolution，legal framework building，and governmental strategy. Based on theory from information economics and public economics，market failures and practical issues in other policy implementations，this study introduces and analyzes Japan’s specific measures on energy saving. By taking stock of energy saving means in different development stage of Japan and China，this paper put forward recommendations for China as follows，in the context of realizing sustainable economic growth and economic transition，China needs to speed up energy policy advancement，increase public support，and develop reasonable incentive-discipline complementary energy saving framework.