中国是一个反常的国际债权人,尽管拥有巨大的海外净资产,但却出现了持续的海外投资负收益。造成这一现象的直接原因是中国对外资产的投资收益率显著低于对外负债的投资收益率。更深层次的原因包括:对外资产与对外负债的资产结构存在错配;对外资产与对外负债在公共部门与私人部门之间的分布不对称;中国投资者在投资经验与能力上仍落后于外国投资者。为转变成一个正常的国际债权人,中国政府应加快人民币汇率与利率形成机制改革、努力推动中国企业的海外直接投资、取消针对外商直接投资的各类优惠政策、逐步放松对居民部门海外投资的管制、大力发展国内金融市场。
<<China is an abnormal international creditor,with huge net overseas assets and persistent negative net investment income. The surface reason is the yields of China’s foreign assets were much lower than that of China’s foreign liabilities. The deeper reasons include:the asset mismatch between China’s foreign assets and foreign liabilities;the asymmetric distribution of foreign assets and liabilities across government sector and private sector;the weaker investment experience and capacity of Chinese investors against foreign investors. To change China into a normal international investor,Chinese government should accelerate the liberalization of RMB’s exchange rate and interest rate,promote the overseas direct investment of Chinese enterprises,cancel the preferential policies to attract FDI,loosen the restriction on Chinese households’ outward investment gradually,and speed up the development of domestic financial market.
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