In the process of social transformation，rural left-behind family actually is faced with great risk. The problems of rural left-behind family are not only the problem of individual family，but also the social problems and people’s livelihood problem. As a big agricultural and the rural labor export province，rural left-behind family phenomenon in Anhui province is very common and outstanding. On the basis of sampling survey on left-behind families in rural areas of Anhui province，this paper objectively and comprehensively analyzed the plight of the families and the existing problems of the rural left-behind family social support in Anhui province，proposed related measures and suggestions for perfecting rural left-behind family social support system through the formal social support and informal social support.