The development of new urbanization and the rural collective economy can promote each other. The core of new urbanization lies in adopting of agricultural modernization，meeting the farmers’real needs，achieving the integration of urban and rural infrastructure and equality in public services. Based on practical conditions of new urbanization，rural collective economy can provide a source of power for rural economic development and innovation，deepening the “political and economic separation” and establishing a new platform of rural collective property right transfer，exploring a new mode of rural shareholding company development. As a testing ground for China’s rural reform，from the “Big Contract”，to the reform of rural taxes and fees，and then to the comprehensive rural reform，Anhui always stands in the forefront of the rural reform，setting up China’s rural reform benchmark. Therefore，selecting Anhui Province as the research breakthrough point to study the rural collective economy has great theoretical and practical significance. The current rural collective economic growth of Anhui province is is small and weak，there are many development dilemmas，such as the weakness of consciousness，property management confusion，the loss of collective assets，poor financing，uneven development. These unfavorable factors not only restricts the healthy development of rural collective economy，but also limits the process of urban and rural integration. Therefore，the rural collective economic development needs the integration of urban and rural areas，rural property rights system reform，agriculture modernization，agricultural management mechanism innovation to break the resistance of the rural collective economic development in the process of new urbanization.