20世纪80年代中期以前,澳大利亚实行福利型的养老保障制度,多数人不能享受。随着老年人口迅速增长,这种覆盖面窄、现收现付、筹资渠道单一的养老保障机制缺陷凸显,政府负担日益加重而难以为继。于是,从20世纪80年代后期澳大利亚开始进行养老金制度改革,逐步改成基本养老金(即社会福利救济金)、超年金(即退休金)和个人储蓄养老金相结合的“三支柱”式养老金制度体系,成为世界上运作最成功的典范之一,既解决了政府和广大国民的后顾之忧,也促进了国家经济的发展。借鉴国外养老服务事业发展方面的经验,北京民力健康传播中心、北京健康城市建设促进会联合课题组成员专程赴澳大利亚进行了调研和考察,并对澳大利亚的养老状况、主要做法和取得的成效进行了梳理和总结。其经验主要包括四个方面:一是制定法律法规,建立健全养老金保障体系;二是创新养老办法,形成多种养老模式;三是规范行业标准,提供各种养老服务支持;四是注重队伍建设,培养素质过硬的养老从业人员。澳大利亚在养老服务工作中的经验、做法,为北京市乃至中国发展养老服务事业提供了值得借鉴的经验。
<<In the years before the mid-1980s,Australia has adopted a welfare-oriented pension system which excluded most people. With the rapid growth of the elderly population,there has been the unfolding of the defects of this system such as narrow coverage,PAYG,limited financing channels and it has then become an unsustainable burden on the part of the government. The pension system reform was launched in the late 1980s and gradually evolved into a pension system that combined “the three pillars”:basic pension(i.e.,social welfare payments),super annuity(i.e.,pension)and personal savings. It has become one of the most successful system in the world,which has both addressed the government and its people’s worries about the future and the economy development. To learn from the experience of pension services development of foreign countries,Beijing Mingli Health Communication,Beijing Healthy City Construction Promotion Joint Task Force visited Australia for studying and training and made a summary of their pension condition,major methods,and achievements. The experience can be summed up in the following four aspects:firstly,the formation of laws and rules to improve a pension guarantee system;secondly,the innovation of old-age care ways to develop varied modes;thirdly,the regulation of industry standards to provided varied old-age care support;fourthly,the prominence to team building to cultivate qualified personnel. Australian experience in and method of old-age service will shed light on the development of old-age service in Beijing and even in China.
<<Keywords: | BeijingAustraliaSeniorPension Condition |