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    城市空巢家庭精神养老问题研究——基于杭州市的实证分析

    摘要

    人口老龄化是21世纪中国面临的严峻现实。健康老龄化是建设和谐社会的重要内容。健康老龄化不仅包括老年个体温饱的解决、生活照料的满足,还包括精神的满足和愉悦。本文以杭州市区空巢老人为研究对象,采用文献法、问卷法、访谈法等,在获取实证调研材料的基础上,对空巢家庭精神养老的现状进行了分析。首先,对空巢老人的心理状态进行了描述,发现精神需求是现阶段空巢老人的迫切需求,独居、丧偶或离异的空巢老人心理孤独感更加强烈;其次,从情感慰藉、人格尊重、成就安心等方面讨论了空巢老人精神养老的现状,发现城市空巢家庭精神养老面临的问题主要有子女精神关爱较少、社区心理卫生服务不能满足空巢老人的精神需求、社会对空巢老人存在漠视现象、独居空巢老人再婚困难、老年福利设施和机构有待完善、空巢老人社会参与度较低等。在此基础上提出的对策建议有:弘扬“尊老、敬老”的社会风尚;发挥空巢老人自身的能动性,积极养老;加强亲情关爱;建立邻里互助精神养老模式;健全社区组织,完善社区基础设施;加大政府支持力度;建立和健全精神养老法律法规;等等。

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    Abstract

    The aging of population is the grim reality which China is facing in the twenty-first century. The healthy aging is an important content of building a harmonious society. Healthy aging is not just the food,clothing,medical and care for eldly individual,but also the joyful spirit. In this paper,the empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou as the research object,through literature,questionnaire,interviews and other methods,we obtain empirical information on the issue of their spiritual support. It is generally found that the spiritual need is urgent to the urban empty nesters at this stage,especially those who are living alone in their empty nests. From the emotional comfort,personality respect,the achievements of peace of mind,we find that many problems which the empty-nest elderly in city may confront about spiritual endowment. The problems are mainly as follows:lacking of their children’s mental solicitude;falling short of urban empty nester’s spiritual needs;being disregarded by the major society;being difficult to re-marry;deficiency of the health and welfare facilities;shorting of participation to social activities. Taking these matters into consideration,some suggestions have been put forward to relieve these problems:promoting the traditional virtues of “respect and honor the aged”;developing the self-ability of the old people from empty-nest families;establishing a pattern of mutual help among relatives and neighbors;advancing social organization and basic facilities in each community;increasing the support of government;strengthening the laws and regulations of spiritual endowment to protect empty nesters.

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    作者简介
    吴兰花:吴兰花,浙江经济职业技术学院副教授,研究方向:心理健康与发展。
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