本文主要以广汉市松林镇D村调查为基础。自20世纪90年代“民工潮”兴起以来,四川农村逐步空心化,同时人际关系逐步疏离化。如今,一方面,由于青壮年逐步离土甚至离乡,老人守望家乡,传统“养儿防老”的民间实践似乎越来越成为历史;另一方面,为老人所接受的社区或国家层面的养老机制尚未建立,这两方面的合力影响“老有所养”。老人主要困境表现在日常生活不便、就医难、亲情饥渴等。化解之道主要在于如下五个方面:第一,促进乡村本土化的有机发展;第二,教育乡土化,减少农村受教育者离乡趋势;第三,作为公器的国家偏向农村的政策支持;第四,重建家庭养老机制的前提下培育社区化养老机制;第五,逐步放开限制生育的计生政策,促进家庭人丁兴旺等。
<<Based on investigation from D village of Songlin Township in the city of Guanghan,this paper points out that villages became gradually hollow in rural areas in Sichuan province since “the Tie of Migrant Rural Labors” in 1990s,also led to gradual alienation of interpersonal relations. At present,on the one hand,because of departure of young peasants from countryside,old people are left alone in the country and they can hardly depend on their sons,on the other hand,old people can rely on community. In recent years many elderly face many problems as following:difficulties in lives,medical problems and missing their sons and grandsons. The solutions to these problems are just as following:first,provide chances for peasants to make money without leaving hometown;second,make chances for children to study in the countryside so that they are passionate towards the community;third,the state should help rural areas;fourth,cultivate community pension mode on the condition of reconstructing mechanism in family pension;fifth,the gradual liberalization of restrictions birth control policy,extend family line.
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