At present，Henan is at the stage of accelerating development in urbanization，the problem of unequal exchange of factor and imbalance of public resource allocation is more and more serious. The equal exchange of factor and integration of public service between urban and rural areas is the urgent requirement of the integration of urban and rural areas，a strategy to improve the socialistic market economic system，an important part of the moderately prosperous society，and an essential requirement of the new urbanization strategy. In the future，the emphasis of the equal exchange of factor and integration of public service between urban and rural areas in Henan Province is the construction of a unified market of factors，perfect agricultural support and protection system，the reform of agricultural subsidy system，better interest compensation mechanism of grain production，more social capital to invest in rural and agricultural development，and promotion of the urban and rural planning，infrastructure implementation and integration of public service.