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谢伏瞻
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李培林
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    长三角区域雾霾协同治理机制与对策

    摘要

    长三角雾霾污染是区域一体化面临的主要环境问题之一。但是当前的松散的区域环境管理模式已经不能够满足区域一体化需求,需要向区域环境协同治理转型,促进区域转型发展。区域环境协同治理参与主体不仅包括政府,也包括市场和社会。根据从国家气候中心发布的2013年全国霾日数分布,长三角区域为全国雾霾污染最重的区域之一,区域内年均PM2。5浓度呈现由西北到东南逐渐递减特征,正好与长三角经济格局与重化工业布局较为一致。工业污染和汽车尾气是区域雾霾产生主要因素。但是,近年来,区域内主要工业产品产量和私人汽车拥有量以相对高速度增长,这对雾霾治理产生了不利影响。长三角区域雾霾协同治理机制开展较早且较为完善,并在区域举办大型活动时发挥了积极作用。但是仍然面临着许多问题,如区域发展不平衡、统一主体功能区划规划不协调、地方博弈、行政壁垒、松散的合作机制、区域内环境标准不一致、区域环境服务市场不统一等问题。为了促进区域一体化,改善区域环境质量,长三角区域应该采取协同治理的模式。应制定和落实统一主体功能区划规划、建立坚实有力的长三角环境保护合作机制、统一区域能源布局,发展清洁能源、统一区域环境服务市场建设和建立区域碳交易体系。

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    Abstract

    The Yangtze River Delta fog and haze pollution is one of the main environmental problems facing the integration of regional development. To satisfy the demand of regional integration,the loose regional environmental management must transfer to regional collaborative governance,in which government,market and society are included. According to the release from the National Climate Center about 2013 national haze day numbers distribution,the Yangtze River Delta region is one of the country’s most polluted haze regions,and regional average annual concentration of PM2.5 is gradually decreasing from the northwest to the southeast,just coincided with the layout of the heavy industry of Yangtze River Delta. Industrial pollution and automobile exhaust are the main factors that produce the regional haze. However,in recent years,regional output of major industrial products and private car ownership are growing at a relatively high rate,which has negative effects on the haze governance. The Yangtze River Delta regional haze collaborative governance mechanism should be carried out earlier to support large-scale activities in the region. But it still faces many problems,such as the imbalance of regional development,uncoordinated main function division planning,local game and administrative barriers,loose cooperation mechanism,inconsistent regional environmental standards,as well as regional environmental services market is not unified problem. In order to promote regional integration and improve regional environmental quality,the Yangtze River Delta region should take collaborative governance mode. It is needed to formulate and implement the unified planning,the main function zoning is needed to create solid delta environmental protection cooperation mechanism,and regional unified energy distribution,the development of clean energy,the unified construction market environment service areas and the establishment of regional carbon trading system are also needed.

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    作者简介
    刘召峰:刘召峰,上海社会科学院生态与可持续发展研究所,博士。
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