This article established an index system which could reflect social harmony with the 38 most representative indicators covering social structure，population quality，economic benefits，life quality，social order and social stability. It also pointed out both the achievements and problems of Chinese social and economic development by using statistical data collected during the past 30 years. As for achievements，Chinese national economy maintains sustained and rapid growth. The comprehensive power of China rose remarkably. The economic social structure changed tremendously. The quality of population was largely improved. A life style transformation from survival-type to enjoyment & development-type occurred in urban and rural people. The goal of the overall construction of a Well-off Society has been achieved by 60%. As for problems，the proportion taken up by the total expense of social development is low in total GDP. The consumption rate of citizens is low and has a trend of decline. The income gaps between various groups continue to enlarge. The indicators of social order and social stability show negative growth. The situation of environment and resource is still very serious.