The data of the “General Social Survey 2008，CASS” shows that，living conditions of current Chinese urban and rural residents have been continuously improved，and pressures in education and medical care have been slightly relieved，and the social security system covering urban and rural areas has begun to be established. But at the meantime，the trend of increased income disparity is evident，and price rise and pressures in labor market are increasing. Price，medical care，income gap and unemployment are become the most serious social problems. Tensions between the rich and the poor as well as conflicts between cadres and the masses are still among the most publically recognized social group conflicts. The public has a relatively strong sense of overall social safety while are least satisfied with safety of food and traffic. The overall level of satisfaction with social justice increased while that about income gap decreased noticeably. Urban and rural residents are basically satisfied with the local government but expect more in environmental protection and corruption control.