Medicine and health，is one of the livelihood issues that common people pay most attention to in China. China，a country with big populations，is responsible for one fifth of the world’s population，although its economy is now ranked second in the world，the per capita GDP is after ranked，and available financial resources per capita is not much，therefore，relying on the very limited government，enterprises and individuals’ ability to raise funds to ensure more than 1.3 billion nationals’ right to “disease prevention” and “medical care” which need huge amounts of money makes the problem become even harder. As a result，the series of policies issued by the government since new health care reform carried out，caused the wide attention of the academic and different sectors of the society，and they published academic views，opinions and suggestions on a series of problems related to the new health care reform. In this paper，on the basis of collecting and sorting the former academic achievements，we divide the new health care related theoretical contend into ten aspects. As while as sorting out the ten aspects of the controversy，some of the central and local governments’ reform practice and exploration are summarized. The authors also published their opinions and suggestions on the related issues.