In April 2009，The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State council on Deepening the Reform of Medical and Health Care System （hereinafter referred to as “the new healthcare plan”） was published，and released at the same time was The Key Implementation Plan of the Medical and Health System Reform in the Near Future （2009-2011），China’s new medical health system reform （hereinafter referred to as “new medical reform”） was officially launched. For the past five years，relevant departments have issued dozens of documents matching with new healthcare reform，covering medical security，public health，the basic drug system，basic medical service system，the reform of public hospitals，diversified do medical，drug bidding procurement，government investment，medicine production and circulation，and other aspects. In this report，the aim，the train of thought and the focus of the new health care reform are reviewed，the government medical health inputs and effects are analyzed，the progress and achievement of the five key reforms is summarized，and the current reform challenges are analyzed. Opinions and suggestions on the future reform paths and breakthrough are put forward in this report.