为了解决福利国家所引发的行政权力扩张而带来的弊政和怠政问题,新西兰引入了斯堪的纳维亚国家的廉政专员制度,这是一种对公众投诉行政部门展开独立调查从而维护公众权利的制度。该制度具有信访维权的防腐职能、鼓励组织内部揭发的反腐职能、处于弱势情境下的人权保护职能以及其他衍生职能。它有组织行为的独立性、解决问题的柔性和立场的价值中立性三个基本特征。
<<In order to resolve the maladministration which the welfare state had produced very large government bureaucracies,New Zealand created the Office of Ombudsman under the Parliamentary Commissioner(Ombudsman)Act 1962,following the Danish example. Ombudsman’s jurisdiction is to handle complaints and investigate the administrative conduct of state sector agencies,including in relation to official information requests. It also encourages people to report serious wrongdoing in their workplace by providing protection for employees who want to “blow the whistle”. Ombudsmen have power to monitor places of detention,and the implementation of the UN Disabilities Convention and also could provide advice,guidance and training to state sector agencies,and work to build awareness of our role in the wider community. New Zealand’s Ombudsman institution is to safeguard the rights of citizens by establishing a supervisory agency independent of the executive branch. It developed an effective way to resolve complains with informal and flexible ways,not the statuary power,which emphasized mediation and negotiation rather than investigation and recommendation. New Zealand’s Ombudsmen engage in an independent and impartial investigator not an advocate.
<<Keywords: | Anti-corruptionNew ZealandOmbudsman |