The late 1980s，The relative authorities of Chinese government started to restructure the social security and welfare system in order to respond to social issues. One of the major movements is shifting the social welfare service from “Unit-provided Welfare” model to the “Community Service” which supported by a broader base of social units，including some emerged Non-profit Organizations （hereafter refers as NPO’s）.

Giving that background，this paper introduces the inauguration and development of NPO’s as participants in the social welfare system.

Next，using a recent fieldwork case study of social service activities within an urban community in Beijing，China，this paper exemplified the complementary roles and responsibilities among government entities，NPO’s and resident organizations.