There is an important connection between foreign trade and national economic security，which reflects the gain and loss of significant economic benefit in the national main body. In the trade field in 2013 in China，the two conditions of national significant economic benefits achieved for the productivity of trade and cooperation with other nations had changed，and exposed some new problems which national economic security must confront. This paper discusses three questions：The growth of trade quantity & kinds as well as GDP should be balanced in China，but too fast trade growth had not been the outcome of benefit increasing and economic structure improvement in the past，so the benefits narrowing and conflicts growing have still been normal phenomenon；Setting the model connecting the national economic benefit and trade which also including industrial structure，the position in international division system，the positive or passive role change in trade agreement negotiation make the analysis explaining trend of national economic gain and loss；We should adopt some more active choices to get the national economic benefits such as：promoting the efficiency of industrial structure with vigorous policies，increasing science & technology contents of the manufactured products，engaging in free trade negotiations on regional and global levels with positive attitude.