Though confronted with many severe challenges，the situation of China’s national security in 2013 on the whole was stable and favorable. New progress has been made in the establishment of a new relationship between China and the world’s major powers with a view to achieving sustainable，steady and sound development. China has further strengthened ties with its neighboring countries in mutual political trust，commerce and trade，and cultural exchanges. Its economy still maintained a relatively high rate of growth against the background of global economy remaining in the doldrums as a whole，further enhancing its comprehensive national strength and heightening its capability of safeguarding national and international security. But in the meanwhile，out of their cold-war thinking，some big powers such as the United States and Japan reinforced their policy of containment and constraint against China. The disputes over marine territory between China and its neighboring countries were becoming increasingly grave，and conflicts remained in existence between China and its neighbors on many hot spots，likely to intensify in scale and complexity. Non-conventional security threats，such as terrorism，threats to the security of networks and environment were becoming more prominent. All these posed challenges to China’s national security which must not be ignored. Therefore，it is imperative for the Chinese government to formulate a scientific and sound strategy for national security to resolve those challenges and safeguard national security.