This paper studies the R&D industry spatial agglomeration in the Pearl River Delta region and analyzes the main contributed factors, applying the methods of GIS and Gini coefficient. The research reaches that the R&D industry agglomeration pattern has been formed, with the core of Guangzhou-Foshan and Shenzhen, and the key point of Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Huizhou and Dongguan, and the support point of Jiangmen and Zhaoqing. The technology fields of New Material, Electronics and Information Technology, Advanced Manufacturing and Bio-pharmaceutical Technology agglomeration has been formed. Government's guidance and market driven play a key role in the spatial evolution of R&D industry agglomeration, and the historical basis plays a long term effect upon it as well. <<