There are nationwide extreme imbalances between ecological and environmental protectors and beneficiaries，and between destroyers and victims，as far as economic benefit distribution is concerned-the beneficiaries possess the ecological benefits without having to pay any prices while the protectors receive no economic incentives，and the destroyers do not need to bear the responsibilities and costs of damaging the ecology while the victims receive no economic compensations. Such type of distorted relation between ecological protection and economic benefit not only leads ecological protection in China to enormous difficulties，but also hinders regions and stakeholders from being harmonious.

Currently there is an urgent and wide-acknowledged need to establish ecological compensation mechanism. China has already had the scientific research basis，material foundation and political willingness for the establishment of such mechanism，and extensive practice has been carried out.