本文的目的是概述芬兰的法治和行政程序,并与北欧国家、其他欧洲国家、欧洲理事会和欧洲联盟相比较。文章以北欧格言“国家必须通过法律建立”为开篇,这至今仍作为北欧国家决策的重要出发点。法治的概念在过去几十年中已部分改变,如今它意味着不仅是形式上的而且也是真正意义上的行政决策中的法律保障。法律保障用于在一个具体事项上实现一个合法的决定;同时,该决定也必须是公正和公平的。当行政机关作出这样的一个决定时,法律保障就实现了。芬兰2000年宪法和其良好行政的概念在欧洲已经成为几个法律框架的典范。芬兰2003年行政程序法是一部保障普通公民的现代性法律。该法最重要的因素包括保障良好行政、决策的及时性、听证以及对决定说明理由的义务。本文的结论是强调高标准立法、行政机构的良好运作、高度合格的公务员、高效的以非诉讼手段质疑行政决定的行政程序的重要性。最后强调,当行政机关已经作出一个错误决定时,司法审查机制是绝对必须的。
<<The aim of this article is to give an overview on rule of law and administrative procedure in Finland. In addition,there are also comparative aspects from Nordic countries,other European countries,the Council of Europe,and the European Union. The article begins with an old Nordic adage “The country must be built by law”,which is still an important starting point in decision-making in the Nordic countries. The concept of rule of law has been partly changed during the last decades:nowadays it does not mean only a formal but also a real legal security in the administrative decision-making. Legal security is provided to reach a lawful decision in a concrete matter. In addition,the decision must be just and fair,too. In other words:legal security is achieved,when such a decision has been made by an administrative authority.
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