本文尝试从实证的角度,对中国现行违宪审查制度以及具有违宪审查意义的活动进行研究。这一研究针对两种批评:一种批评认为中国没有违宪审查实践,另一种批评认为对中国违宪审查制度的批评是毫无根据的。本文认为,中国虽然在宪法和法律上规定了违宪审查制度,但是不存在规范意义上的违宪审查实践。另一方面,在既有的制度框架内,存在一些符合违宪审查逻辑的立法和司法活动。这些实践推而广之,假以时日,有可能为未来规范的违宪审查提供实践和制度基础。因此,可以将中国的违宪审查活动界定为准违宪审查,并在此基础上通过政治和法律实践逐步将之规范化。
<<This article is an empirical research on the current constitutional review system and other activities with the significance of constitutional review in China. The research is a response to two assertions:the first is that there is no practice of constitutional review in China;the second is that the criticism against the constitutional review system in China is groundless. This author of this article holds that,although a constitutional review system has already been provided for in the Chinese Constitution and laws,there is no constitutional review practice in the standard sense. On the other hand,there exist within the current institutional framework some legislative and judicial activities that meet with the logical criteria of constitutional review. Such practices,if give extended application,may over time provide practical and institutional bases for the establishment of a standard constitutional review system in the future. Therefore,the existing constitutional review activities in China can be defined as a kind of quasi-constitutional review,which can be gradually standardized through political and legal practice.
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