本文的目的是在现行宪法框架下探讨变化着的芬兰法治理念。传统意义上,芬兰的法治学说是基于19世纪的法治国观念建立的,大力强调公共行政的合法性要求。我的主要论点是:在现行宪法框架之下,严格遵守法律的白纸黑字是不够的,法治要求得更多。这一主张是建立在最近芬兰宪法法案及其核心原则已经被改革的这个事实上。在改革的同时,传统的核心宪法原则被以下新原则所补充:人格尊严不受侵犯、保障个人自由和权利、促进社会正义、个人参与和影响民主决策和芬兰参与国际合作和作为欧盟成员国的权利。改革的一个主要观念是把个人变成宪法关注的核心。换句话说,宪法并不仅仅意图在国家机构的高层运作中发挥作用,个人的待遇被提升为宪法的首要兴趣。如今,法治原则应被解读为宪法核心原则体系中的一部分。因此,只有采用这样的法律,才不违反人类尊严、基本权利、社会正义或任何其他的核心的宪法原则。鉴于对宪法核心原则的重构,当代芬兰对法治的理解至少可以用以下形容词描述:民主的、参与的、透明的、平等的、公正的和社会的。尊重人的尊严、个人的自主决定、社会责任以及环境的可持续性都属于其根本价值。
<<The purpose of this paper is to study the changing Finnish concept of rule of law in its current constitutional context. Traditionally,the Finnish doctrine of rule of law was based on the nineteenth century idea of Rechtsstaat (legal state) strongly emphasizing the requirement of legality of public administration. My main thesis is that within the current constitutional framework,strict obedience to black letter law is not enough but the rule of law requires much more. This proposition is based on the fact that the Constitution Act of Finland including its core principles has been recently reformed. Along with the reform,the traditional list of core constitutional principles was supplemented with new principles of inviolability of human dignity,guarantee of freedom and rights of the individual,the promotion of justice in society,right of an individual to participate and influence in democratic decision making as well as Finland’s participation in international co-operation and membership in the European Union. One of the main ideas of the reform was to bring individual human beings into the heart of constitutional focus. In other words,the constitution was not intended to operate only on the top level of state institutions but the treatment of individuals was raised as primary constitutional interest too.
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