Since the appearance of genetically modified （GM）food，there has been controversy at home and abroad.The Social Survey Center of Public Opinion Research Laboratory in Shanghai Jiao Tong University has conducted a large-scale investigation，and it was found that consumers’ concern of GM food is significantly lower than that on other food safety problems such as forged and fake food，or the illegal usage of additives.Besides，consumers knew few about GM food，and their acceptance to GM food was relatively low，which also varied among different groups.Consumers’ cognitive factors and external factors both affected consumers’ acceptance of GM food.Based on the findings of the current investigation，the reviewed literature，and the advanced international experience，suggestions on GM food governance were provided from the perspectives of awareness enhancement，food security system consummation，technology research and development，legislation and supervision reinforcement，and international cooperation. <<