日本的泡沫经济起因于美国等西方五国“广场协议”导致的日元迅速升值,金融泡沫引发了不动产泡沫,日本六大城市出现了大幅度“地价高涨”。日本住宅建设的基本特征是以房地产市场开发为主,与此同时,政府在20世纪50年代制定了《住宅金融公库法》《公营住宅法》以及《日本住宅公团法》,为购房者提供多层面援助,帮助其从市场顺利获得住房。80年代的不动产泡沫强力推动了城市商业地产的发展,而住宅开发建设由于土地难以获得出现了全面后退,购房者把目光投向远离市区的郊区住宅。金融泡沫破灭后地价随之回落,并逐渐出现了人口的城市回归现象。
<<Bubble economy in Japan emerged after the“Plaza Accord”was signed by five Western countries led by the United States,which led to the rapid appreciation of Yen from 1985 to 1991.The financial bubble triggered a real estate bubble:land price rocketed in the six largest city of Japan.While most of the housing construction in Japan was developed in the real estate market,the government has passed the“Government Housing Loan Corporation Law”,“Public Housing Law”,and“The Japan Housing Corporation Law” in the 1950s,aiming to provide the citizens with a variety of resources and supports for securing houses from the market.The real estate bubble led to drastic growth of commercial real estate in cities in 1980s.As a result,the land in cities became a rare resource.This change set back the entire housing development in cities,and thus diverted property buyers to the suburbs.Nevertheless,as the property price decreased with the end of the financial bubble economy,gentrification started in the 1990’s.
<<Keywords: | Financial BubbleThree Housing PoliciesStranding Housing ConstructionHousing Suburbanization |