To establish the sound systems of food risk surveillance and risk assessment has become an important means and trends for food safety supervision and management in many countries. Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China implemented in 2009 has provided a legal basis for establishing both systems. However，the capacity of food safety risk surveillance in China needs to be strengthened and improved in comparison with the developed countries. While，any works in relation to food safety risk assessment in our country just start and be urgent to establish a sound risk assessment system on the basis of international experiences. We hope to provide China for reference in policies-making in relation to food risk surveillance and risk assessment，from the results of comparing the different situations at both the national and international levels. Meanwhile，this paper analyzes the current issues and challenges that China faces.