An analysis of the size of female population and the basic structural information provided by the Sixth National Census suggests that in the first ten years of the new century，there are the following noteworthy features of the Chinese female-population in the current socioeconomic development. The net increase of female population is slightly higher than that of the male population. For the very first time，the proportion of female urban population in the total female population is greater than that of the female rural population. The proportion of the female population with collective households registration showed an obvious upward trend. The age structure of the female population showed a significant state of aging. The proportion of the female population with non-agricultural households registration is rising. The growth rate of minority female population is greater than that of the Han female population.