During the post-Cold War era，neo-interventionism is a crucial phenomenon in the field of international relations.The concept of it change from Humanitarian Intervention to the Responsibility to Protect（“RtoP”or“R2P”）reflects the theoretical and practical evolution of neo-interventionism.The Middle East policies of Western powers in the Middle East Upheaval，especially since the Libya War，show the basic feature and content of neo-interventionism：theoretically based on ideologies such as“human rights above sovereignty”and“responsibility to protect”；legally authorized by the UN Security Council and regional organization（League of Arab States）；operated by“coordinated diplomacy”，collective（e.g.NATO）military operations，and opposition- arming，and therefore formed a new intervention model—Libya model—by spur regime change（i.e.subvert the Gaddafi regime）.Syrian Civil War and the internationalization of Syrian crisis are directed by western powers，which is totally a copy of the Libya model.In that circumstance，Neo-interventionism not only changed the trends and paths of Middle East Upheavals，distorted political transition processes，but also contributed to the geopolitical changes at some extent，exacerbating the unrest situation in the Middle East.At the same time，Neo-interventionism impacts the international system based on the UN Charter directly，poses a severe challenge to international governance，and effect international relation and international order negatively.