Since the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee, great effort has been made in deepening the reform of the labor employment system. By lying expanding employment in a more prominent position, implementing a policy of positive employment and improving the business and employment environment, China has founded a well interaction between economic development and employment enlargement, which is beneficial to large scale and basic stability of employment. Besides, China has prudently resolved the problem of the re-employment of laid-off workers of state-owned enterprises, steadily promoted the orderly transfer of hundreds of millions of rural surplus labor force and effectively settled down a new round of youth employment peak pressure. At last, China has successfully coped with the impact of devastating natural disasters and the international financial crisis on employment. However, with overall progress achieved, the structural contradiction of employment market has gradually emerged in recent years. On the one hand, with the continuous expansion of higher education, the difficult employment of college students has become focus of the society and one of the top priorities of the government, which becomes more serious especially after the outbreak of the financial crisis. On the other hand, the alarm of "Shortage of migrant workers" frequently sounded in Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and some of the inland city, the well-known China with "almost unlimited supply of cheap labor" is now undergoing a wide range of labor shortage. This chapter, with the China's socialist market economic system reform as background, will sum up the reforms of the employment system and the work achievements of employment after the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee, and put focus on employment shortage of migrant workers and the difficult employment of college students in recent years, that is, make an analysis of the system and mechanism reasons for the problem and put forward some feasible suggestions. <<