On the basis of description of the situations for transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and human capital of rural residents, the author discusses their relationships between transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and early withdrawal of migrant workers. It is found that the non-synchronization between the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and human capital of rural residents in China results in early withdrawal of migrant workers, which is also an important reason for shortages in technological talents. At last, the author makes a further thought of some problems and puts forward some suggestions. <<