Given that scientific and technological（S&T）innovation has been elevated as never before，public research institutions，as an integral part of building a national strategic scientific and technological force，put forward higher requirements for the establishment and improvement of a post setting management system that conforms to the laws of S&T innovation and growth of researchers. Since its execution，the post setting management system has played an active role in promoting the transformation of employment mechanism in public research institutions，standardizing personnel management and improving the quality and efficiency of public services. However，there are still some problems，such as the lack of basis for setting professional technical post grades，the lack of scientificness in system implementation，and the enhancement of the coordination with related systems. According to public research institutions’ needs for classified management，full decentralization，talent and cadre training，some countermeasures and suggestions were made about improving the post setting basis，perfecting the management system and promoting system coordination.