At present，the new rural social endowment insurance system in Henan Province has evolved into a basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents. Based on the reality of Henan Province，this paper uses three methods，including big data statistical analysis，actuarial analysis and research，to study the risk impact of population aging with quantitative analysis methods，and to analyze and predict the potential risks of social endowment insurance for urban residents in our province. Based on risk analysis and future prediction，this paper proposes six ways to eliminate the operational risk of basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents in Henan Province from six aspects：strengthening policy publicity and guidance，deeply promoting the participation of the whole people，introducing incentive policies to improve the fertility rate，improving payment incentives，increasing the investment and operation of basic endowment insurance funds for urban and rural residents，improving the handling and service capabilities，and improving the supervision and management mechanism.