As an important part of China’s productive service industry and modern service industry，human resource service industry has played an important role in promoting employment and optimizing human resource allocation. The article analyzes the development status，challenges and opportunities，as well as the willingness and behavior of transformation and upgrading of human resource service organizations in China at the micro level，by using first-hand survey data of human resource service providers. It also innovatively conducts an empirical analysis of the influencing factors of transformation and upgrading through the Probit model. The study finds that the two most important factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of human resource service providers are enterprise scale and entrepreneur’s age，that is，the larger the enterprise scale，the stronger of willingness to transform and upgrade；the older the entrepreneur is，the less inclined the enterprises are to transform and upgrade.