本文以2022年度境外仲裁裁决、法院判决在中国境内的承认/认可和执行的全部公开可查案例为基础,剖析2022年度境外仲裁裁决、法院判决在中国境内承认/认可和执行情况。经统计,2022年度境外仲裁裁决、法院判决在中国境内的承认/认可和执行率高达88%,较上一年度小幅上升,彰显了中国法治化、国际化、便利化营商环境的司法立场以及中国法院包容、审慎、恪守国际条约义务的态度。综观本年度承认/认可和执行领域最新典型司法实践,该领域在“法律互惠”的首次单独认定、明确“高额惩罚性赔偿金”外国法院判决并非全部不予承认而应部分不予承认和执行以及认可、协助香港破产程序等方面有所突破和进益,在执行款的跨境流转方面有突破性灵活处理实践,但针对如何在内地与香港相互认可和执行法院判决安排新旧交替之际完成平稳过渡以及诉讼竞合对于承认/认可和执行是否构成障碍等,仍存在亟待解决的问题,期待未来能在立法、司法实践层面有进一步突破。
<<Based on all publicly-available cases of recognition/approval and enforcement of overseas arbitral awards and court judgments in China in 2022,this paper analyzes the situation of the recognition/approval and enforcement of overseas arbitral awards and court judgments in China in 2022. According to statistics,the recognition/approval and enforcement rate of overseas arbitral awards and court judgments in China is 88%,a little higher than that of the previous year. It highlights the judicial position of China’s legalization,internationalization and facilitation of the business environment,as well as the attitude of the Chinese courts to be inclusive,prudent and abide by the international treaty obligations. According to the latest typical judicial practice in the field of recognition/approval and enforcement of overseas arbitral awards and court judgments this year,there have been breakthroughs and gains in the first separate identification of “legal reciprocity”,clear statement that it can be partially denied,enforcement of “high punitive damages” judgments and recognition and assistance in Hong Kong’s bankruptcy proceeding. However,there are still urgent problems to be solved in terms of how to arrange a smooth transition between the new and old in the mutual recognition and enforcement of court judgments between Mainland and Hong Kong,and whether the concurrence of litigation constitutes an obstacle for the recognition/approval and enforcement. It is expected that there will be further breakthroughs in legislation and judicial practice in the future.
<<Keywords: | Bilateral Judicial AssistanceOverseas Arbitral AwardsOverseas Court JudgmentsRecognition/Approval and EnforcementConvention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards |